Verb as Complement

VERB AS COMPLEMENT

Complement Verb is a verb as a complement, a complement to the verb is a word or phrase that completes the word of the subject, object, or work kat .As such I will try to (1) to work hard (2), my friend decided (1) to married (2) The next month, my sister stopped (1) cry (2) when the mother came, I could not stand (1) to fall in love (2) with you, etc.

Verb + Gerunds

Gerund is a verb that functions as a noun so that it can function as subject, object and complement (complement) in a sentence, is also behind a preposition. Gerund form of usually referred verb + ing. Perhaps the term that we used to know so far about the gerund. In short, the gerund is a noun formed from the verb (verb) + ing. Gerund as a supplement can not be a subject in the passive voice (passive voice). Gerund located after to be: is / am / are, was / were, been / being / be.

example:

·         My hobby is fishing

·         Her hobby is reading novel

·         My favorite sport is playing football

·         What she wants to do now is crying over her mother to release her burden

·         He considered traveling to Europe for the summer, but he doesn’t have enough funds

Verb + To  Infinitive

Infinitives is the basic form of verbs. In English, infinitives writing is usually preceded by "to". For example: to read, to walk, to give, and so on. Although in general the infinitive preceded by "to", but there are some infinitive without "to", normally called a "bare infinitive". Example:

a. Subject + Verb + to infinitive

·         I want to study English.

·         I hope to see you again.

·         Residents are not allowed to bring pets in my apartment.

b. subject + verb + object (nouns / pronouns) + to infinitive

·         My boss expects me to finish the work as soon as possible.

·         The teacher Reminded the students to do Reviews their homework.

·         The doctor advised him to stop smoking.

Verbs + prepositions + gerunds

There are two possibilities if the gerund used as Object, the Object of Preposition (Object Prepositions) and the Object of a Verb (Object Verb). Some prepositions (preposition) commonly are often followed by a gerund is: about, in, for, of, without, from, by, and to. For the preposition "to", SHOULD be followed gerund if its function is as presposisi and not the form of the infinitive.

example:

• I'm used to sleeping with the window open.

• I'm accustomed to sleeping with the window open.

• I look forward to going home next month.

Adjectives + prepositions + gerunds

Phrase in the following table are adjectives + prepositions are always followed by a gerund (never followed by infinitive.)

accustomed to (terbiasa dengan) intent on (bermaksud) afraid of (takut pada)

interested in (tertarik dengan) capable of (bisa/mampu) successful in (sukses pada)

fond of (gemar pada) tired of (lelah akan)

Example:

1. Will you be capable of finishing your work by noon tomorrow? (Do you (will) be able to finish the job before 12 noon tomorrow?).

2. Are you afraid of sleeping in the dark? (Are you afraid to sleep in the dark?).

3. I am tired of studying all day long. Let's go out to have fun. (I'm tired (because) studying all day. Let's find pleasure outside).

4. Judith is fond of singing while taking a shower. (Judith loves to sing while bathing shower).

5. Bobby is accustomed to buying roses for his girlfriend. (Bobby used to buy roses for his girlfriend).

Nouns + prepositions + gerunds

Phrase in the following table are nouns + prepositions are always followed by a gerund (never

followed by the infinitive.)

choice of (pilihan) excuse for (alasan kenapa)

intention of  (maksud) methods for/of (metode untuk)

possibility of (kemungkinan akan) reason for (alasan dari)

Example:

1. The teacher Gave us a choice of taking another exam. (Master gives us the option to take the exam again).

2. I am so sorry. I had no intention of hurting your feeling. (I'm so sorry. I had no intention to hurt you).

3. He always has an excuse for being late. (He always had a reason why (he) late).

4. There is no possibility of recruiting new employees during recession we are facing now. (There is no possibility to recruit new employees during the recession that we are facing right now).

5. Have you found the best method for improving your English yet? (Did you find the best method to improve the (ability) in English you?)

6. Your reason for getting bad grades is a big nonsense. (The reason why the values you you're ugly is nonsense / gibberish sheer).

Adjective + Infinitive (to show feelings and reactions)

 infinitive (to + Verb) sometimes follow some adjective or adjective participal

The structure is usually to express feelings and reactions to someone / something or to give an opinion.

Here are some of the adjectives that can be followed by an infinitive:

No	Contoh Kalimat Adjective + Infinitive
1	If you have any questions, I will be happy to answer them. (Jika kamu punya pertanyaan, saya akan dengan senang hati menjawabnya.)
2	We were surprised to see you tonight. (Kami takjub melihatmu semalam.)
3	Your boss was upset to hear that you were leaving the company. (Bos kamu kecewa mendengar bahwa kamu akan meninggalkan perusahaan.)
4	It’s sad to find out that the amusement park has been closed permanently. (Sedih mendapati bahwa taman hiburan tersebut telah ditutup secara permanen.)
5	I’m so proud to be part of this team. (Saya sangat bangga menjadi bagian dari tim ini.)
6	It’s impossible to pass the test without studying. (Tidak mungkin lulus tes tersebut tanpa belajar.)

Sumber

https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-verb-complement

https://denichaalviana.wordpress.com/2016/06/03/verb-as-complement/

http://nikenwp.blogspot.co.id/2015/04/verb-as-complement.html

https://www.wordsmile.com/contoh-kalimat-adjective-diikuti-infinitive

Pronouns

Pronoun

pronoun is a pronoun that serves as the subject.

• I, you, we, they, he, and she used to replace people. In addition, "they" are also used to replace the plural nouns. He and she can also be used to replace animals, especially pets. And specifically for "she 'can also be used to replace ships.

• "It" to replace single inanimate objects and plants.

• He, she, and it is a singular subject (third person singular), which is always followed by a singular verb.

John John's new motorcycle rides to school.

In the above sentence repetition John said. By using the appropriate pronouns, sentence above would be more easily understood as in the following sentence.

- John rides his new motorcycle to school.

His pronoun in the above examples make the sentences more readable and no repetition John said.

Some types of pronouns that need to be studied is the personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns, indefinite pronouns and reciprocal pronouns.

1. Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns are pronoun for a person, animal, place, or thing. In a sentence, personal pronouns can be used as a subject (the subject of a verb) and object (the object of a verb).

a) Subject pronouns

Personal pronouns are used as the subject of the verb is I, you, he, she, it, we, and they. Consider the following example sentences:

- Lisa likes cats. She has four cats.

In the first sentence, Lisa (proper noun) is the subject of the sentence or the subject of the verb likes. While in the second sentence, she is the subject of the sentence and as a pronoun for Lisa.

Some examples of personal pronouns as subject:

·         My name is Michael. I am fourteen.

·         My father works hard. He works in a factory.

·         My sister is older than me. She is twelve.

·         Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.

·         Bob, you are a bad boy!

·         David and I are playing football. We like sports.

·         Jim and Jeff are my brothers. They are older than I am.

b) Object pronouns

Personal pronouns are used as the object of a verb is me, you, him, her, it, us and them. Consider the 

following example sentences:

- Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them.

In the first sentence, cats are the object of a sentence or the object of the verb likes. While in the second sentence, Them is the object of the sentence and as a pronoun for cats.

Some examples of personal pronouns as objects:

·         I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.

·         Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.

·         Where is John? I need to speak to him.

·         Miss Garcia is very nice. All the children like her.

·         The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.

·         Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.

·         My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.

In English grammar, speakers or people who spoke referred to the first person (first person), while talk is the second person (second person), and the person in question referred to in the third person (third person).

Here is a table pronoun for the first person (first person), the second (second person), and third (third person).

2. Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronouns are pronouns that indicate ownership of an object. Words commonly used is mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.

Usage Possessive Adjective

This pronoun functioning as an adjective, ie to explain the ownership of the nouns. (The nouns belong to Whom? = Nouns that belong to?)

Example:

1. This is my house. (This is my home).

2. That is his house.

3. This is your dictionary. (This is kamusmu)

4. We all like our teacher.

5. Didier and Yeyes are saving some of Reviews their money to buy a birthday gift.

6. That is your book.

7. This is their clean class.

8. That is our television.

9. This is my new bag.

10. That is her big house.

Usage Possessive Pronoun

The pronoun is also claimed ownership thing. The difference with possessive adjectives is located on the noun is not mentioned again because it is implied in the pronoun.

Example:

1. This house is mine. (This house is my house).

2. That is his house. (The house was his home).

3. This dictionary is yours. (This dictionary is kamusmu).

4. I like your shoes but I do not like mine. (I like spatumu, but I do not like my shoes).

5. Those are his books now. (The books are the books now).

6. This new bag is mine. (This new bag is a bag).

7. That television is ours. (TV it is our TV).

8. Reviews These beautiful cars are theirs. (The cars are beautiful in their cars).

9. That pencil is yours. (The pencil is a pencil).

10. This is his dictionary. (This dictionary is the dictionary).

Note: In speaking, the noun after "this, that, Reviews These and Reviews those" are often omitted. Interlocutors have understood its meaning as a noun has been referred to previously, plus their body language. The examples above can be expressed by:

1. This is mine

2. That's yours

3. Those are his now, and so on.

3.Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns are pronouns that refer to nouns that preceded (antecedent) which serves as a liaison to the sentence. Relative pronouns are usually placed at the beginning dependent clause or clauses that describe or provide additional information to an independent clause or the main clause.

The pronouns are: who, Whom, Whose, which, and that.

·         The man who is sitting in the corner is my friend.

·         The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend.

·         The girl whose car was sold will go to study abroad.

·         The filing cabinet, which we purchase last week, is very well built.

·         The book that describes about behaviour of animal is expensive.

Who said, Whom, Whose, which, and that in the example above refers to the noun before (the man, the boy, the girl, the filing cabinet, the book).

Nouns (nouns) or pronouns (pronouns) like the man, the boy, the girl, the filing cabinet, and the book is called the antecedent.

• - That photo is a reminder of someone who was very important to me.

• - Hands up everyone who would like a drink.

• - A mole is an animal that lives underground.

• - He was Accused of being drunk in charge of a vehicle, the which is a serious offense.

To refer to people, use relative pronouns: who, Whom, Whose and that.

1. - the man who spoke

2. - the man that spoke (though that is also true user, who is more advisable as the subject pronoun)

3. - the man that I saw

4. - the man Whom I saw (although the use of Whom is also true, that is suggested as an object pronoun)

To refer to other objects or animals, use relative pronouns: which, that and Whose.

1. - the cat which was sitting on the mat

2. - the cat that was sitting on the mat

3. - the book Whose cover was torn

4. - a book to the which I refer Often

When referring to anything, of the which can be used to replace Whose.

- A book the cover of which was torn

Expansion of relative pronouns with pronouns like whoever, whomever, whatever is known as an indefinite relative pronouns (relative pronouns without antecedent).

1. - The boy will tease whomever he likes.

2. - She said whatever Came to mind.

3. - Let in whoever comes to me.

What words can also be used as an indefinite relative pronouns, for example:

• I will tell you what you need to know.

• I know what I like.

Sumber

http://catatanmakalah.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/macam-macam-pronoun.html

http://rosenurosyana.blogspot.co.id/2012/11/makalah-bahasa-inggris-pronoun.html

http://yusansiamelianthanonie.blogspot.co.id/2014/05/pengertian-possessive.html

Subject - Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement

Subject-verb agreement is a rapprochement between the verb with the subject in terms of number, namely: singular (singular) or plural (plural). Subjects can be a noun, pronoun, or other construction acting as a noun, like gerund and infinitive. Basically, the singular subject (single subject) use the singular verb (singular verb), while plural subject (subject plural) using a plural verb (verb plural).

1. Singular singular subject-verb

What is meant by the singular subject is a subject pronoun he, she, and it or nouns that can be replaced with he, she or it; While the definition of singular verbs is verb1 + es / s, is / was, and the verb phrase such as: is / was + verb-ing / verb3, has + verb3, has been verb-ing and has been verb3.

2. Plural plural subject-verb

What is meant by the subject is plural subject pronouns like I, we, you, they, and all plural nouns. While that is a plural verbs are verbs and verb phrases besides singular verbs above.

3. Two singular subjects connected by either / or or Neither / nor requires a singular verb.

Example:

·         Neither David nor Dian does not help me to fix the car. (Neither David or Dian does not help me fix the car.)

·         Either Keenan or Kugi has been ready to go. (Both Keenan or Kugi ready to go.)

4. singular verb for a pronoun like each, everyone, every one, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, and somebody. Do not be influenced to a noun that follows.

Example:

·         Each of the boys runs quickly. (Every boy running fast.)

·         Everybody loves my father Because he is so kind. (Everyone loves my father because he was very good.)

Note the first sentence, although the sentence was using the phrase the boys, but I was still involved runs (singular verb) not run (plurar verb) as a verb. Why is that? Because behind it there each which means any, every, and respectively. So that the subject is singular or singular.

5. When Neither as well as either the subject of the sentence, then use a singular verb.

Example:

·         Neither of us is capable to write a good essay. (None of us were able to write a good essay.)

·         Either of us is Able to speak English. (One of us was able to speak English.)

6. Gerund Phrases

Gerund phrases is a phrase consisting of a gerund coupled with the object and / or modifier. As with gerund, gerund phrase also serves as a noun in a sentence.

In making the sentence when the Subject gerund (Verb ing) then verbnya should be singular.

example:

• Your singing is very beautiful.

• Reading in the dark room is not good.

Some of, a lot of, Half of, None of, Most of

In a sentence if it verbnya singular noun is singular. Likewise if the plural noun plural verbnya.

example:

• Some of the car in the show room is luxury.

• None of this money is mine.

Each of, One of, Every one of the sentence followed by a plural noun, danverb should be singular.

example:

• Each of people is not same.

• One of my friends is beautiful.

The number of plural = Jumlah -----> Singular Verb

A number of plural = Sejumlah -----> Plural Verb

example:

·         The number of plants in each plot was 25.

·         A number of people are dancing on the stage.

Sumber

http://beniazhari.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/tugas-bahasa-inggris-2-rangkuman.html

http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2014/05/10-aturan-penting-dalam-subject-and-verb-agreement-yang-harus-anda-ketahui.html

http://delyarr.blogspot.co.id/2015/05/subject-verb-agreement.html

Verb Pharses & Tenses

VERB PHRASES

Verb phrases or verb phrase is a phrase that is composed of a main verb plus auxiliaries, adverbs, adverb phrases (or clauses), prepositional phrases, or object. In a sentence, the verb phrase functions as a predicate.

Example:

- He was smoking.- After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.

- We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.

- Henry made my coach very proud.

In a verb phrase, verb always be the head, which can be accompanied by pre-modifiers and / or post-modifier.

If there are pre-modifiers, can be a negative word (not / never) or adverb phrase.

- Not say what he is doing.

- Never needs money.

- He deliberately broke the window.

Most head verb should be followed by post-modifiers

- My son [made a cake].

- We [keep pigeons].

- I [recommend the fish].

Verbs that require post-modifiers commonly called transitive verbs. Post-modifiers in the above example is called the direct object (direct object) or complement (complement of the head).

Conversely, some verbs (intransitive verbs) used without a direct object:

- Susan smiled

- The professor yawned.

However, many verbs in English valid as transitive and intransitive, depending on how to use it in a sentence. Here is an example of using both forms of the verb:

- Mark smokes. (Intransitive)

- Mark smokes cigars. (Transitive)

Object or verb phrase complement complement not only the direct object (direct object) but may also be the indirect object (indirect object).

- We [James Gave a present].

Note also the following example that uses the verb to be as a head:

- David [is a musician]

- Amy [is clever]

- Our car [is in the car park]

                                                                      

                                                                       TENSES

Tenses is a form of the verb changes described in accordance with the time. Tenses have a very large role in a sentence, because with the tenses we can know when the occurrence of an event or change.

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense is used to express something that is constantly being made, daily activities, and also to state or mention a fact or general truth.

Formula Example Sentences Simple Present Tense

Expressing Simple Present Tense sentence that uses the verb (VERB)

(+) Subject + Verb 1 + Object

(-)  Subject + DON’T / DOESN’T + Verb 1 + Object

(?) DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?

(?) Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?

Present Continuous Tense

This tense is used to describe the change of tenses time basis. In terms of Present Continuous Tense is tense form which refers to the ongoing action now or when the talks were ongoing.

Here's the formula the present continuous tense to make sentences.

Positif:

subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object

Contoh : I am watching TV now

Negatif :

subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object

Contoh : Mr. Khanafi is not going to Jakarta atau

Mr. Khanafi isn’t going to Jakarta

Tanya :

to be + subject + verb – ing + object

Is Mrs. Annisa cooking in the kitchen ?

Present Perfect Tense

The formula Present Perfect Tense

Positif: S + have/has + V3

Negatif: S + have/sas Not + V3

Tanya:   Have/has + S + V3 

He, She, It, John, Merry, Mufli : Has

You, We, They, Ellen and Budi: Have

Present Perfect Continuous

Present perfect continuous tense is used to express action or event that is already starting to happen in the past and is still ongoing today.

Sentence patterns:

(+) S + have / has + been + V-ing

(-) S + have / has + not + been + V-ing

(?) Have / has been + + S + V-ing

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is a simple form of the verb to indicate that an event / events undertaken in the past and note also the time of the incident or the incident.

The formula is simple tense pas

The formula simple past tense No 2, namely the formula simple past tense (verbal) and (nominal);

Verbal

(+) S + Verb-2 + O + adverb

(-) S + did + not + Verb-1 + O + adverb

(?) Did + S + Verb-1 + O + adverb?

Nominal

(+) S + tobe-2 (was/ were) + Complement (adjective/ noun (pronoun)/ adverb )

(- ) S + tobe-2 (was/ were) + not + Complement (adjective/ noun (pronoun)/ adverb )

(?) Tobe-2 (was/ were) + S + Complement (adjective/ noun (pronoun)/ adverb ) ?

Past Continuous Tense

In the Past Continuous Tense reveal His understanding of past action in progress ..

Past continuous tense is formed with the help of "to be" verb, past tense, plus the present participle of the verb (to-ing end).

Formula past continuous tense to make sentences

Positive (+)

Subject + to be (was / were) + verb + object-ing

Negative (-)

Subject + was / were + not + verb + object-ing

Tanya (?)

- Was / were + subject + object + verb-ing?

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense is used to connect the events that happened in the past prior to the events that occurred in the past thereafter. Notice the example below:

I had eaten when she Came to my house. (I have eaten when she came to my house).

In the example above, there are two activities that are equally happened in the past. "She Came to my house" is an activity that occurred in the past, before this event occurs, there is another activity that is first completed before the event, namely "ate / eat in the sentence" I had eaten ".

Sentence patterns:

Positives: Subject + had + V3

Negative: Subject + had + not + v3

Question: Had + subject + V3 +?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense is used to express the events or activities that have been and are taking place before another event occurred in the past.

Sentence patterns:

(+) S + had + been + V-ing

(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing

(?) Had + S + been + V-ing

Simple Future Tense

In making a sentence, certainly not enough to express the current events only. to express something, it should also disclose what has happened or what will happen. To express that will occur in the future, we need a future tense. Among all forms of Future tense, Simple Future Tense is most commonly used in many situations, for example when we make promises, predictions or plans. In terms of the Simple Future Tense Present also called Future Tense.

Formula Simple Future Tense

1. Positive

Subject + will / shall + verbI + object

Subject + am / is / are + going to + verbI + object

2. Negative

Subject + will / shall + verbI + object

Subject + am / is / are + not + going to + verbI + object

3. Questions

Will / shall + subject + verb + object I

Am / is / are + subject + I going to + verb + object

Future Continuous Tense

Understanding Sentence Future Continuous tense is generally used to indicate that we will be in the midst of an event within a specified time in the future. Future Continuous also known as Continuous Present Future.

Future Continuous tense sentences also have 2 forms of "will" and "going to" have the same meaning and can be interchanged during use. In contrast to the use of the simple future tense.

Here's the formula the future continuous tense

1. Sentence Future tense continus positive (+)

Subject + will / shall + be + verb + object-ing

2. Sentence future continuous tense negative (-)

Subject + will / shall + not + verb + object-ing

3. The future continuous tense interrogative sentence or phrase the question (?)

Will / shall + subject + be + verb + object-ing

Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense is used to express something that is "It's happening, but WILL". Will own snack. If you open more English lessons about the Future Continuous Tense Future Perfect Tense then it would be very easy to understand. Who said "already" it just once? Already can also "will" !. Future means Will, Perfect meaning is

Formula Future Perfect Tense

Positives: S + will + have + V3

Negatives: S + will + not + have + V3

Q: Will + S + have + V3

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Usually in our daily lives we will be using sentences with the structure of the Future Perfect Continuous tense English language with the goal of communicating the events that will take place at a certain time in the future.

The following formula is used to make sentences with the structure of the Future continues tense appropriately and in accordance with applicable grammar.

1. The formula for the sentence positive (+)

Subject + shall / will + have + been + verb-ing + object

2. The formula for the sentence is negative (-)

Subject + shall / will + not + have + been + verb-ing + object

3. The formula for interrogative sentence or phrase the question (?)

Shall / will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object?

Sumber :

http://lollydollymony.blogspot.co.id/2013/04/makalah-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris.html

http://ellaseptiani97.blogspot.co.id/2014/06/makalah-tenses_17.html

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-verb-phrase

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.co.id/2009/07/verb-phrases.html