Problem Vocabulary And Prepositions

problem vocabulary and prepositions this section contains information and exercise on commonly misused words, confusingly related words, use of pre[osition  and two words vwebs, with each section are example sentences and exercises, the answers to the exercises will be found at the end of this section.

the following suggestion will be useful in helping you improve ytour vocabulary.

1.      read well-written books,magazines, and newspapers, magazines such astimes and newsweek.

2.      look up every word that are unfamiliar to you in the practice test in this book and in other reading material. keep a notebook of an familiar words, write the word,the definition,and an original sentences in your notebook and study it often.

3.      study the problem vocabulary items and two-word verbs (verbal idioms) in this book.

4.      review your vocabulary word notebook often,repetition will help you to remember the meaning of difficult words.

Commonly Misused Words

The following words are often misused by native English speakers as well as nonnative speakers. Sometimes the spellings are so similar that people fail to distinguish between them. Others are pronounced exactly the same, but they are spelled differently and have different meanings. Words in the latter category are called homonyms. Study the words, parts of speech (noun, verb, etc.), definitions, and sample sentences in this list.

·         ANGEL (noun) - a spiritual or heavenly being. The Christmas card portrayed a choir of angels hovering over the shepherds.

·         ANGLE (noun) - a figure formed by two lines meeting at a common point. The carpenters placed the planks at right angles.

·         CITE (verb) - quote as an example. In her term paper, Janis had to cite many references.

·         SITE (noun) - location. The corner of North Main and Mimosa Streets will be the site of the new shopping center.

·         SIGHT (a) (noun) - a device used to assist aim (of a gun or telescope). Through the sight of the rifle, the soldier spotted the enemy, (b) (noun) - view. Watching the landing of the space capsule was a pleasant sight, (c) (verb) - see. We sighted a ship in the bay.

·         COSTUME (noun) - clothing, typical style of dress. We all decided to wear colonial costumes to the Fourth of July celebration.

·         CUSTOM (noun) - a practice that is traditionally followed by a particular group of people. It is a custom in Western Europe for little boys to wear short pants to school.

·         DECENT (adjective) - respectable or suitable. When one appears in court, one must wear decent clothing.

·         DESCENT (noun) (a) - downward motion. The mountain climbers found their descent more hazardous than their ascent, (b) - lineage. Vladimir is of Russian descent.

·         DESSERT (noun) (desert) - the final course of a meal, usually something sweet. We had apple pie for dessert last night.

·         DESERT (noun) (desert) - a hot, dry place. It is difficult to survive in the desert without water.

·         DESERT (verb) (desert) - abandon. After deserting his post, the soldier ran away from the camp.

·         LATER (adverb) - a time in the future or following a previous action. We went to the movies and later had ice cream at Dairy Isle.

·         LATTER (adjective) - last of two things mentioned. Germany and England both developed dirigibles for use during World War II, the latter primarily for coastal reconnaissance, (latter = England).

·         LOOSE (adjective) - opposite of tight. After dieting, Marcy found that her clothes had become so loose that she had to buy a new wardrobe.

·         LOSE (verb) (a) - to be unable to find something. Mary lost her glasses last week. (b) - opposite of win. If Harry doesn’t practice his tennis more, he may lose the match.

·         PASSED (verb - past tense of pass) (a) - elapse. Five hours passed before the jury reached its verdict, (b) - go by or beyond. While we were sitting in the park, several of our friends passed us. (c) - succeed. The students are happy that they passed their exams.

  

Confusingly Related Word

Select the word in parentheses that completes the meaning in each sentence

1.      Betty’s insulting remark greatly (effected/affected) Kurt, who is a very sensitive person.

2.      Detroit manufacturers hope to develop an easily attachable (device/devise) for the carburetor to improve gas mileage.

3.      While doing the experiment, we asked the lab technician’s (advice/advise).

4.      After declaring bankruptcy, the company was forced to (liquefy/ liquidate) its assets.

5.      Keith’s company’s headquarters were (formerly/formally) located in Philadelphia.

6.      (Especially/Special) attention must be given to the questions at the end of each chapter.

7.      George was (among/between) those students selected to participate in the debate.

8.      They were (already/all ready) to leave when a telegram arrived.

Prepositions
Prepositions are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence. Most often they come before a noun. They never change their form, regardless of the case, gender etc. of the word they are referring to.

Prepositions typically come before a noun: 

For example: 

* after class * at home * before Tuesday * in London * on fire * with pleasure

A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. 

For example: 

* The book is on the table. * The book is beside the table. * She read the book during class. 

In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in time

Verbal Idioms

A group of words (phrases) that are combined so that it creates a new meaning & is different from its forming words

Example:

"Under the weather" - not feeling well.

I can not go to work today, I'm a bit under the weather.

Another example:

"Add fuel to the fire" - makes things worse.

That's enough! You're only adding fuel to the fire!

Common Combination And Preposition

1.      Common Verb and Preposition Combinations

Verbs and prepositions are also used in common phrases. The verb generally goes in front of the preposition.

Do you agree to the new guidelines?

You get what you pay for.

It’s easy to fall in love with big, silly dogs.

I have no doubt about the outcome of the vote.

He delights in telling jokes about Texas and Texans.

That remark was in bad taste and I don’t intend to reply to it!

Miller is substituting for Brown in tomorrow’s game.

2.      Common Adjective and Preposition Combinations

Adjectives and prepositions are commonly used in phrases. The adjective usually goes before the preposition. 

He was found guilty of fraud and tax evasion.

Students often get worried about writing exams.

Mary won’t have children; she is in love with her black lab.

The world felt sorry for the victims of the tsunami.

Jamila is good at songwriting and painting.

There are many health risks associated with smoking.

Chocolate and red wine are actually good for your heart!

Sumber:

https://ahmadmuchtaroby77.wordpress.com/2016/03/31/use-of-preposition-common-combination-and-preposition/

http://julea1617.blogspot.co.id/2014/06/problem-vocabulary-and-preposition.html

http://coupdegrace96.blogspot.co.id/2016/06/problem-vocabulary-and-preposition.html