PASSIVE VOICE, CAUSATIVE HAVE

Passive Voice

Passive voice is a grammatical construction (grammatical form) where the subject of the sentence does not take action, but receives action or is acted upon by the other agent (doer of action) whether mentioned or not. Conversely, in active construction, the subject is directly related to the verb by acting as an actor. Active sentences can be transformed into passive, but only transitive verbs (followed by direct objects) can be applied as such.

S + Aux. Verbs + Past Participle + by + agent

Information:

S: Subject

Aux. Verbs: Auxiliary Verbs such as am, is, are, was, had, have been, will be, and others.

Past Participle: Verb Form 3 or Verb 3

By agent: by + actor of action

In passive voice, the Auxiliary Verbs mentioned above specify the type of tense used in the sentence. For example:

• If in Present tense then use am, is, are.

• If in Past Past tense then use was, were.

1.      Passive Voice Simple Present Tense

Subject + be (am, is, are) + past participle

Active: Someone steals his money everyday.

Passive: His money is stolen everyday.

Passive Question: Is his money stolen everyday?

Passive Negative: His money is not stolen everyday.

2.      Passive Voice Simple Past Tense

Subject + be (was, were) + past participle

Active: Someone stole his money.

Passive: His money was stolen.

Passive Question: Was his money stolen?

Passive Negative: His money was not stolen.

3.      Passive Voice Past Perfect Tense

Subject +have/has + been + past participle

Active: Someone had stolen his money.

Passive: His money had been stolen.

Passive Question: Had his money been stolen?

Passive Negative: His money had not been stolen.

Causative verb

The verbs we use to order or someone to do something can be subtle (asking for help politely to rule) and a rude (coercive) way or it can be paid. The verb or causative verb in question is make, get, have, and let. In addition to the 4 verbs, there is also causative by using action verbs that are infinitive and infinitive bare.

LET = permit something to happen (allow / let something happen)

1. I do not let my children watch violent movies.

2. Maryam's mother will not let her watch movie at cinema because she has many homeworks.

3. Diana has let her brother pick her up before leaving home.

4. Remember: The past tense of let is also; There is no change!

MAKE = force or require someone to take an action (impose or require someone to do something)

1. After Bima had broken the neighbor's window, his parents made him repair it.

2. Rina's ex-boyfriend loved korean movie and he always made me watch every episode of his favorite show.

3. Our teacher will make us rewrite our papers, because the first drafts were not acceptable.

HAVE = give someone else the responsibility to do something (give someone else the responsibility to do something)

1. I'll have my assistant call you to reschedule our appointment.

2. The director had his secretary make copies of the report before doing the presentation.

HELP = assist someone in doing something

Note: "Help" does not mean to ask / ask but usually this verb is also included in the causative verb group.

After the verb "help," you can use "to + Verb1" or just "Verb 1" - both forms are correct but the form without "to" is more common.

1. He helped bring the boxes.

2. He helped me to bring the boxes.

3. Reading before bed helps children relax.

4. Reading before bed helps children to relax.

Sumber :

http://www.belajardasarbahasainggris.com/2015/12/08/penjelasan-pengertian-dan-rumus-passive-voice-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-causative-verb-have-get-make-beserta-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat/

http://www.bigbanktheories.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-lengkap-penggunaan-causative-verb/

http://www.englishiana.com/2016/04/pengertian-dan-contoh-causative-text.html