Part of the sentence
(clause) that gives information to the person or object that preceded it.
The term Relative
Clause is similar to Adjective Clause. It is called Adjective Clause because it
describes the object or person who preceded it. It is called Relative Clause
because it connects (relays) the object or the person with the phrase behind
it. Relative Clause begins with the liaison word who, whom, whose, which, that.
Example:
1.
The woman who wears the red dress is my
aunt
2.
This is the bicycle that my father
bought me yesterday
3.
The man whom we met is my father's
friend
Relative
Pronouns
Relative pronouns are
pronouns that refer to the antecedent that acts as a liaison in the sentence.
Relative pronouns are usually placed at the beginning of a dependent clause or
clause describing or providing additional information to an independent clause
or main clause.
The pronouns used are:
who, whom, whose, which, and that.
- The man who is
sitting in the corner is my friend.
- The boy Who we are visiting
is her boyfriend.
- The girl whose car
was sold will go to study abroad.
- The filing cabinet,
which we purchase last week, is very well built.
- The book that
describes about the behavior of animal is expensive.
The word who, whom,
whose, which, and that in the example above refers to the previous noun (the
man, the boy, the girl, the filling cabinet, the book).
Nouns or pronouns such
as the man, the boy, the girl, the filling cabinet, and the book are termed
antecedents.
- Voters whose names
the letters
- That photo is a
reminder of someone who was very important to me.
- Hands up everyone who
would like a drink.
- A mole is an animal
that lives underground.
- He was accused of
being drunk in charge of a vehicle, which is a serious offense.
To point to people, use
relative pronouns: who, whom, whose and that.
- the man who spoke
- the man that spoke
(though the usage is also true, who is more preferable as subject pronoun)
- the man that I saw
- the man whom I saw
(although the usage is also true, that is better suggested as object pronoun)
To point to other
objects or animals, use relative pronouns: which, that danwhose.
- the cat which was
sitting on the mat
- the cat that was
sitting on the mat
- the book whose cover
was torn
- a book to which I
refer
When pointing to a
thing, of which can be used to replace its.
- a book the cover of
which was torn
Expansion of relative
pronouns with pronouns such as whoever, whomever, whatever is known as
indefinite relative pronouns (relative pronouns without antecedent).
- The boy will tease
whomever he likes.
- She said what came to
mind.
- Let in whoever comes
to me.
The word what can also
be used as indefinite relative pronouns, for example:
- I will tell you what
you need to know.
- I know what I like.
Restrictive Clause
Restrictive Clause is clause that limit or “restrict” nouns further. It is
an important/highly information so it cannot be omitted from a sentence and it
doesn’t use comma.
Example:
1. The table which was made of marble
has been repaired
In the first
example, the essential idea is that the specific table which was made of
marble has been repaired and not any of the other table.
2. The fried
chiken that taylor made was scorched.
In the second example, it is
taylor’s fried chicken that is scorched and not anyone else’s fried chicken.
If the restrictive clauses are removed it becomes impossible to clarify
what is being described.
Relative pronoun used in restrictive clauses are wh-pronoun or that:
|
Subject
|
Object
|
Possessive
|
|
|
For persons
|
Who
|
Whom/who
|
Whose
|
|
That
|
That
|
||
|
For things
|
Which
|
Which
|
Whose/of which
|
|
That
|
That
|
a) restrictive clauses : for person
Subject : who or that
Example :
1. The woman who
robbed you has been arrested.
The word woman explain that
there is only one woman who robbed you.
2. he runner who reached
the finish was very
tired.
3. It means that
only the runner who reached
the finish was very
tired, and the other runners who don’t
reach the tip weren’t very tired.
Object of a verb : whom or who or that
Example :
The girl whom I saw told
me to came back next week.
The word girl explain that there is
only one girl whom I saw and will come back next week.
b) restrictive clauses : for thing
Subject
Which
Example :
This is the book which/that caused such a sensation.
Object of a verb
Which
Example :
The motorcycle which/that I hired broke
down.
2. Non Restrictive Clauses
Non Restrictive Clauses is clauses that do not limit the reference of a
noun. It is just addition information so it can be omitted from a sentence and doesnt
change the original meaning of the sentence. Non-restrictive clause is set off
from other clause by commas.
Examples :
1. The man, who is 50 years old, helped me
to cross the street this morning.
2. My cat, which is fat, went away from
my house.
In these examples, the non-restrictive clause may be removed from the
sentence without preventing the reader from understanding the essential
information being expressed. As well, in each case, the non-restrictive clause
is separated from the main sentence with comma. These commas let the reader
know that the information is extra and not grammatically essential.
Relative pronoun that used in non-restrictive clause is only wh-pronoun
:
|
Subject
|
Object
|
Possessive
|
|
|
For persons
|
Who
|
Whom/who
|
Whose
|
|
For things
|
Which
|
Which
|
Whose/of which
|
a) non-restrictive clause : for person
Subject : who
Example:
1. The
hikers, who reached the top, were very tired.
It means that only the hikers who
reached the top at that moment were very tired. But the other hikers were also
very tired.
2. john, who
had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
Non-restrictive clause there just additional information,
don’t change the original meaning of the sentence.
Object : whom, who
The pronoun cannot be omitted. Whom is the correct form, though who is
sometimes used in conversations.
Example :
Justin, whom everyone suspected,
turned out to be innocent.
Possessive : whose
Example :
maria, whose
children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.
b) Non-restrictive clause : for thing
Subject : which
Example :
The Titanic, which sank in April 1912, is the
subject of a recent movie.
Object : which
Example :
she gave me this jumper, which she had knitted
herself.
It means that she give her jumper which she had knitted
herself.
Possesive : whose or of which
Example :
His house, whose windows were all broken, was
a depressing sigh.
It means that only one house whose windows were all
broken.
This is the table of differences between restrictive and Non-restrictive
clause.
|
Restrictive clause
|
Non-restrictive Clause
|
|
Wh-pronoun or that
|
Only wh-pronoun
|
|
Highly relevant information
|
Additional information
|
|
Comma cannot suround it/ do not use comma
|
Commas may suround it/use comma
|
|
Cannot be omitted from a sentence
|
Can be omitted from a sentence
|
Sumber:
http://myindonesiaparadise.blogspot.co.id/2017/03/restrictive-and-non-restrictive-clauses.html
http://warungbelajarbebas.blogspot.co.id/2012/06/relative-clauses.html
